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    Thread: usnic acid

    1. #31
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      Lightbulb Usnic Acid - MD Write Up



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      Check out what a MD has to say about Brock Strasser and his pseudo science:

      By: James Shoemaker, M.D.
      Houston, Texas
      Proponents of new herbal products often use the words “revolutionary,” “miracle,” or “breakthrough” to promote use of their new products. In opposition, antagonists often deride new herbal supplements as personal attacks on the proponents or declare the new product as “worthless,” “dangerous,” or “unproven.” Experience and level headedness requires a critical evaluation of the background of the authors as well as the articles and conclusions relied upon to support or oppose a new nutritional supplement. Unfortunately, many “opinions” are taken as gospel truth, even though they are oftentimes unfounded.
      Empirical or folklore observations are the bedrock upon which many useful herbal (and indeed many pharmaceutical) products have been developed. While nutritional supplements do not undergo the same intense scrutiny of laboratory, animal, and double blind human trials required by the FDA for approval as drugs (in the U.S. a new drug costs about $500 million and takes about 12 years to be developed), it behooves the potential user of any supplement to read as much as possible about what he or she is using.
      Usnic acid, the active ingredient in many lichen species, is the base ingredient in many herbal products, including Kombucha tea, Kvas, Mo-Gu, tschambucco, volga spring, kwassan, olinka, and champignon de longue vie. Usnic acid has recently been introduced as a proprietary herbal weight loss supplement. This ingredient, in it’s non-extracted form, has been used for over 2,000 years by various civilizations for combating infections, treating colds, fighting cancer, and assisting in weight loss.1 A comprehensive and active web page under the title The Kombucha Center can be found with any search engine.2 The Kombucha Mailing List is a collective group of over 600 people who actively e-mail and respond to questions regarding Kombucha and its ingredients.3
      Usnic acid belongs to a ubiquitous group of compounds that act as “uncoupling agents.4” Uncouplers are lipophilic moieties that interact at the level of mammalian mitochondria and decrease the efficiency of energy utilization, i.e., more calories are utilized to perform any given biologic function.5 Thus, even if energy (food) intake remains the same, weight loss occurs because extra calories are burned from fat stores.6 Uncaptured energy is chemically released as heat.7 Since the very definition of a calorie is a unit of heat, increased heat production occurs at the expense and depletion of body fat. Indirect calorimetry-respiratory quotient studies substantiate that uncouplers utilize fat as the dominant source of calories (95% from fat, 3% from carbohydrates and 2% from protein).
      In folklore and modern medical studies, usnic acid has been noted to be of benefit in the treatment of many diseases that are sensitive to heat.8 When usnic acid is used in large doses, many bacteria,9 fungi,10 parasites,11 viruses,12 and even cancers13 cannot tolerate the effects of their own increased heat production and are stopped in their tracks.
      Uncouplers have not been found to be clastogenic.14 All studies clearly demonstrate that uncouplers are Ames test negative15 (i.e., do not cause mutations), are not teratogenic16 (do not cause birth defects), and do not effect the longevity of animals17 (animals fed uncouplers live the same duration as untreated animals, albeit with a lower body weight). Further, uncouplers have an intrinsic level of safety because excess dosages cause increased heat and act as a warning (most drugs and supplements have no overt signs of excess use until it is too late). Other published in vitro studies on esoteric actions (spindle apparatus, etc.) at ridiculously excessive doses of usnic acid18 and speculations of possible side effects have no foundation, i.e., stop taking saccharin because tonnage doses to mice cause problems or stop taking aspirin because of unfounded reports of Reye’s Syndrome, effects on kidneys, the spindle apparatus, etc. Indeed, many commonly used pharmaceuticals have horrific commercial applications, i.e., coumadin a useful blood thinner is a rat poison; nitroglycerin is used as an anti-anginal agent, yet is a commercial explosive; botulinum toxin is injected for cosmetic purposes, yet it is the most toxic substance known in chemical warfare; curare is a blow gun dart poison, yet used daily in anesthesia as a muscle relaxant, etc. Further, unlike many herbal ingredients, bioavailability and half-life studies are published on usnic acid so that optimal herbal dosing has been established.19 In reviewing a total of 258 published abstracts on lichen acids and 61 on usnic acid, usnic acid has not been reported to have any irreversible untoward side effects by any peer reviewed journal.20
      Herbal xenophobia and personal attacks are often expressed by those that either have secret agendas or are totally ignorant of a new substance (a solitary posting in 1999 by Brock Strasser in a weekly online “Testosterone” publication). Simply because an herbal ingredient has other uses than weight loss does not make it dangerous or not efficacious.
      In fact, if a new substance has other medically acceptable uses based on the same mechanism of action, one should have added confidence that the ingredient will do what it claims. Like all drug and herbal formulations, dosing and proper use are important for optimal results and safety, “misuse” of any supplement can have untoward effects. For Mr. Strasser to cavalierly promote ephedra products and suggest that it is safe because beta-blockers can handle the side effects of tachycardia, etc. is at best disingenuous. How do you handle a stroke from elevated blood pressure caused by ephedra? How do you handle, ventricular fibrillation, a myocardial infarction, or other potential sudden death from excessive adrenergic stimulation?
      Many herbal products are touted as “thermogens” or “fat burners21.” This has no practical basis in scientific fact. The adult human body increases heat production (caloric expenditure) in one of two ways: (1) increased muscular activity (exercise) or shivering thermogenesis (involuntary muscular work, i.e., chills when we are cold); or (2) chemical or non-shivering thermogenesis.22 The amount of caloric expenditure through chemical heat production is minimal in human adults. No brown fat is found in human adults and the effects of adrenaline or ephedra like compounds are at best short lived.23 The dominant effect of ephedra-like products is suppression of appetite, which further decreases the metabolism and heat production. The only available herbal ingredient shown to increase chemical thermogenesis on a prolonged basis is usnic acid.
      As a physician, I am excited at the weight loss results this new herbal supplement promises for people unable to lose weight by diet and exercise. Waiting for the uncoupling proteins that are being developed by pharmaceutical companies (that may be available only as injections of costly drugs in 10 to 15 years) is impractical.24 Usnic acid is a naturally occurring substance that has the ability to selectively cause fat loss, a feature desired by every athlete, body builder, and rational person who desires to preserve muscle while losing weight. This herbal substance has the direct ability to stimulate metabolism and heat production so that reasonable dieting and exercise can have dramatic effects. Usnic acid will be the weight loss supplement of the new millennium.

      References:
      1. https://w3.trib.com/~kombu/
      2. yahoo.com
      3. https://w3.trib.com/—kombu/FAQ/mailist.html
      4. Heytler, P.G., Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation, Pharmacol Ther 1980; 10(3):461-71
      5. Skulachev, V.P., Uncoupling: new approaches to an old problem of bioenergetics. Biochem Biophys Acta, 1998: 1363(2): 100-24
      6. Diehl, A.M., Hoek, J.B., Mitochondrial Uncoupling: Role of Uncoupling Anion Carriers & Relationship to Thermogenesis & weight Control "the benefits of losing control". J Bioenerg Biomembr, 1999; 31(5) 517-25
      7. Himms-Hagen, J., Cellular Thermogenesis. Annu Rev Physiol, 1976; 38(919): 315-51
      8. Rodbard, D., et al., Temperature: A Critical Factor Determining Localization and Natural History of Infectious Disease, 1980, Perspectives in Biology & Medicine, Spring. 439-474.
      9. Brown, M.R., et al., Inhibition and Destruction of Microorganisms by Heat, 1971, Hugo, W.B.Ed., Inhibition and Destruction of the Microbial Cell., Acad Press, New York, 1-37
      10. Silva, M., Fungi and Heat Sensitivity, 1985,Trans.N.Y. Acad.Sci., 2nd series, 21:46-53
      11. Junaid, A.J.N., Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmmaniasis with Heat, 1986, Int J Derm., 25:470-72
      12. Carter, W. A. et al., Viral Infection & Host Defense (Fever), 1974, Science, 186:1172-1177
      13. Urano, M., Tumor Response to Heat, 1988, Hyperthermia & Oncology, Vol. 1, NSP BV, 162-200.
      14. Chin, C. W. et al., Mutation Research., 1978, 58:11-17
      15. Garner, R.C., and Nutman, C.A., Mutation Research, 1977, 44:9-14
      16. Tainter, M.L. , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med., 1934, 1161-1162
      17. Tainter, M.L., Growth, Life Span and Food Intake of Rats Throughout Life, 1937, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med, 51-57
      18. Al-Bekairi, A. M. et al., J Ethnopharmacol, 1991, 33(3):217-20
      19. Venkataramana, D. et al., Pharmacokinetics of Usnic Acid in RabbitsŠ, 1993, Eur J Metab Pharmacokinet, 18(2):161-163
      20. Search of entire Medline & Toxline Databases with Grateful Med, Feb., 2001
      21. Examples of trademarked products such as Metabolife, Xenadrine, Stacker 4, etc.
      22. Ganong, W., F., Review of Medical Physiology, 1999, pp.241
      23. Ganong, W., F., Review of Medical Physiology, 1999, pp.240
      24. Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Wall Street Journal, Press Releases, March 7, 1997

    2. #32
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      Originally posted by okcgrl
      FYI,

      I not only have the abstract, I also have a copy of the complete 200 page report.

      You, obviously, have an axe to grind. Are you an ephedra manufacturer?
      no... though also beleive the ephedra is junk compared to pure ephedrine hcl.. since 30-40 percent or more of the actives in extraction are actually psuedoephedrine and about ten percent are others that tend to be hard on the cardiovascualr system..

      though its not dangerous...



      btw- if you have the 200 page report.. its obvious that you are a retailer/manufacturer.. if in fact you do...

      btw2- have contacted the university of pavia... to verify the existance of said report.. and will request a copy... though not anticipating it...

      sorry but hate shills.. particularly those that shill for this compound..

      you are certainly not a researcher since you cannot understand the basic finding in the studies above. (which would be a reasonable reason to have a TWO HUNDRED page report)
      MP

    3. #33
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      btw- that "physician" is a seller/ rep for a usnic supplement..

      and the references and implied "facts" are nothing short of laughable..

      btw- you can be sure that medline search will soon show direct UA liver failures as there are several known cases from UA supplementation alone..

      not counting those from lipo-k
      MP

    4. #34
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      I agree with you on ephedra.

      No, I do not work as a retailer/nor manufacturer (I am assuming that you are referring to supplements). I do not believe that the product is even sold anywhere (web, retail, etc.).

      And no, I am not a researcher; I am a biochemist who also happens to be from Italy.

      What do you do?

    5. #35
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      Originally posted by okcgrl


      And no, I am not a researcher; I am a biochemist who also happens to be from Italy.

      you are a biochemist.. and yet unable to understand the abstract you posted regarding DNP?

      oklahoma city girl is an odd name for an italian biochemist...

      nothing personal.... but that is very difficult to beleive... no biochemist would rely on the hack doctor's ( article above) analysis to prove the safety of an oxidative uncoupler.
      MP

    6. #36
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      The MD is a physician who does not sell any nutritional supplements (he happens to also be my nephew's physician).

      Lipo-k contained: norephedrine, yohimbine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, sodium usniate (analyzed as usnic acid), and caffeine. It is most likely that the yohimbine was the cause of the liver problems.

      The major identified alkaloid in yohimbe is yohimbine, a chemical that causes vasodilation, thereby lowering blood pressure. Yohimbine is also a prescription drug in the United States. Side effects are well recognized and may include central nervous system stimulation that causes anxiety attacks.

      At high doses, yohimbine is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. MAO inhibitors can cause serious adverse effects when taken concomitantly with tyramine-containing foods (e.g., liver, cheeses, red wine) or with over-the-counter (OTC) products containing phenylpropanolamine, such as nasal decongestants and diet aids. Individuals taking yohimbe should be warned to rigorously avoid these foods and OTC products because of the increased likelihood of adverse effects.

      Yohimbe should also be avoided by individuals with hypotension (low blood pressure), diabetes, and heart, liver or kidney disease. Symptoms of overdosage include weakness and nervous stimulation followed by paralysis, fatigue, stomach disorders, and ultimately death.

      The abstract on DNP clearly shows that at the uncoupling doses that is commonly used by supplement users, the mitochondria are depolarized and the mitochondrial membrane potential drops. As a result, the amount of oxygen free radical formation decreases because there are less available electrons to break loose and react with oxygen, thus preventing oxidative cellular and dna stress.

      Oklahoma City girl???

      OKC stands for Oakland, California (next to Berkeley, as in UC Berkeley).

      Your scare tactics and hiding behind a keyboard are truly laughable.

      Instead of attacking the messenger (which is all that you are doing), how about discussing the empirical science?

    7. #37
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      OKC for Oakland? weird ass abreviation. I would have went with oakgrl. Im glad you told us your from Italy, it made a world of difference as far as your credibility. Macro knows his shit. Its not scare tactics. May your lack of knowledge and his wealth of knowledge scares you. You want to tak Usnic Acid. Fine. Dont be regretting it when your 60 years old, and you liver is all screwed up.
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    8. #38
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      Originally posted by okcgrl

      The abstract on DNP clearly shows that at the uncoupling doses that is commonly used by supplement users, the mitochondria are depolarized and the mitochondrial membrane potential drops. As a result, the amount of oxygen free radical formation decreases because there are less available electrons to break loose and react with oxygen, thus preventing oxidative cellular and dna stress.

      actually what the study shows is that changing the proton flow, dnp uncoupling allows for reverse flow of protons across the mitochondrial membrane, negates some of the damage of interruption of electron flow through the electron transport chain by cyanide.
      MP

    9. #39
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      Originally posted by okcgrl
      The MD is a physician who does not sell any nutritional supplements (he happens to also be my nephew's physician).

      interesting coincidence....





      btw-- emprical evidence.. you mean like the 200 page study that you alone have.. probably because your cousins professor did the research.. right ?
      MP

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      Mayeb she has a vested intrest, she really lives in Arkansas, and here nephew is actually her boyfriend? When in doubt I will always refer to Macro.
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    11. #41
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      have addessed your concerns via PM.. if you feel that comments were innapropriate after reading.. will amend the post.
      MP

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      Sorry just having fun
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    13. #43
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      Default Usnic Acid

      The Pavia study looked at both the oral as well as intravaneous ingestion of usnic acid over a 90 day period. The oral dosage had the equivalent of 1992 mg of usnic acid administered to a 130 lbs. adult over a 90 day period with no evidence of any toxicity. Please note that nobody is advocating anybody take this large amount of usnic acid.

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      How about instead of using DNP or Usnic Acid, we get off our asses and diet, or at the most use Clen and T3?
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