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Clenbuterol hydrochloride is a beta-2-adrenergic agonist, the most widely used class of bronchodilator drugs for the treatment of human asthma. Other drugs in this class include albuterol, pirbuterol, terbutaline and salmeterol. When these agonists bind to beta-2 adrenoceptors, they activate adenyl cyclase which leads to an increase in the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and activation of protein kinase A (PKA). In the tracheobronchial tree, beta-2 agonists, cAMP and PKA inhibit smooth muscle contraction by opening K+ channels and by down-regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity.
In the airways, beta-2 adrenoceptors are not restricted to smooth muscle. They also occur on epithelium, inflammatory cells, and the vasculature. When epithelial beta adrenoceptors are activated, cilliary beat frequency increases. The effect on mucus secretion is less consistent, but the weight of opinion indicates that beta-2 agonists increase mucocillary clearance. Activation of beta-2 adrenoceptors on inflammatory cells reduces the release of inflammatory mediators, and activation of those in vasculature can inhibit the permeability increase that occurs in inflammation. Thus making it easier to breath.
It comes in many different forms of administration including syrups, drops, liquids, injectable solutions, granules, and dosing aerosols. Of course, for human use, the most popular is the aerosols and for animals (horses and cattle) the most popular is the syrup forms.
As a bronciodialator, clenbuterol opens up the airways in people that suffer from asthma.
In the airways, beta-2 adrenoceptors are not restricted to smooth muscle. They also occur on epithelium, inflammatory cells, and the vasculature. When epithelial beta adrenoceptors are activated, cilliary beat frequency increases. The effect on mucus secretion is less consistent, but the weight of opinion indicates that beta-2 agonists increase mucocillary clearance. Activation of beta-2 adrenoceptors on inflammatory cells reduces the release of inflammatory mediators, and activation of those in vasculature can inhibit the permeability increase that occurs in inflammation. Thus making it easier to breath.
It comes in many different forms of administration including syrups, drops, liquids, injectable solutions, granules, and dosing aerosols. Of course, for human use, the most popular is the aerosols and for animals (horses and cattle) the most popular is the syrup forms.
As a bronciodialator, clenbuterol opens up the airways in people that suffer from asthma.